Privatisasi & Oligarkhi Ekonomi

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Uang ini sungguh benda jahat. Selalu membingungkan, baik waktu hendak mengeluarkan maupun waktu hendak menerima (Maxim Gorki, Ibunda)

Bermula dari hasil riset yang menyebut kalau pendapatan daerah dari hasil parkir tidak seperti yang diharapkan. Gagal meraih target pendapatan membikin pemerintah daerah berpikir serius untuk menambal kekurangan. Parkir menjadi kegiatan yang mendatangkan potensi pendapatan besar, dalam bilik pikiran kepala daerah. Karena politik otonomi maka beberapa daerah mulai mencari siasat untuk meraih pendapatan yang besar. Ide swastanisasi muncul dari sana yakni bagaimana menyerahkan urusan parkir tidak lagi pada komunitas masyarakat, melainkan pada usahawan yang mampu berpikir serba efektif. Swasta memiliki kelebihan dalam segala soal, terutama dalam pertanggung jawaban dan pengejaran setoran. Swasta karenanya menjadi pilihan dan tukang parkir sebutannya kelak berubah menjadi karyawan parkir[1].

Begitulah soal parkir ini bergulir dan menggema di Yogyakarta. Sebuah kawasan yang kini mulai menggeser peran dari yang semata-mata kota pelajar menjadi kawasan yang cocok untuk investasi. Disana kini direncanakan akan berdiri sejumlah Mall yang akan menyulap kota ini jadi lebih metropolis. Sejumlah sektor pekerjaan rakyat kini mulai direlokasi di pinggiran kota, agar wajah Yogyakarta jauh lebih berseri dan tertib. Peran-peran ekonomi rakyat mulai ditertibkan, terutama untuk pedagang kaki lima, agar akrab dengan logika ekonomi industri. Kota Yogyakarta karenanya menjadi kawasan yang harus memikat investor dan untuk itu digalakkan berbagai proyek swastanisasi. Salah satu diantara yang banyak memicu perdebatan sekarang ini adalah lahan parkir.

Swastanisasi adalah trend ekonomi pasar yang berangkat dari kepercayaan kalau pemerintah adalah organ yang brengsek. Penguasa selalu lekat dengan sifat korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme. Praktek korupsi yang menyemut dan berakar dari pusat hingga daerah menunjukkan betapa bebalnya pemerintah dengan tugas wajibnya. Tugas melindungi, mencerdaskan dan mensejahterakan masyarakat sebagaimana kutipan undang-undang kini mulai tidak lagi dipercayai. Soeharto dan semua fasilitas kekuasaanya memberikan amsal yang buruk bagaimana kekuasaan sebenarnya mereka kelola. Soeharto menjalankan kekuasaan mirip dengan kerajaan di masa lalu yang penuh dengan bau persekongkolan, itikad buruk dan represif. Ekonomi yang dikelola oleh penguasa bertipe kerajaan ini pastilah tidak akan mampu menunjukkan prestasi.

Swastanisasi seperti mengulang sejarah kelam bagaimana ekonomi bangsa ini dijalankan. Suatu tatanan ekonomi yang menihilkan peran serta rakyat. Tatanan yang meyakini kalau kemakmuran ekonomi diukur dari angka dan puji-pujian lembaga keuangan International. Dalil ini begitu buas diyakini bukan hanya oleh para penguasa melainkan ilmuwan yang kini menduduki kursi akademis. Tampaknya keyakinan ini bukan muncul sekejap dari langit melainkan proses sejarah yang berakar dalam dan memakan waktu yang panjang. Tulisan ini berangkat dari keyakinan dasar itu, yakni bagaimana perjalanan sejarah telah mengukir panjang nilai-nilai absolut tentang kedigdayaan swasta dalam menyelesaikan segala persoalan ekonomi. Soal ekonomi tidak hanya diukur dari bagaimana kemampuannya mensejahterakan melainkan juga dilihat dari siapa yang memegang. ‘Siapa’ yang memegang inilah yang meyentuh prinsip ekonomi politik yang dasar, yakni kedaulatan!



[2] Bermula dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh UGM tentang potensi PAD Pemkot Jogja dari retribusi parkir. Ternyata menurut hasil penelitian, potensi untuk menyumbang pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) sebesar 4,5 milliar. Jumlah yang sangat tinggi mengingat realisasi parkir tak lebih dari Rp 2 milliar. Pada tahun 2003 retribusi parkir baik dari jalan umum maupun kawasan khusus ditargetkan sebesar Rp 1,425 milliar. Dari target tersebut, yang terealisasi hanya Rp 1,263 milliar atau hanya sekitar 88 persen. Ini sebagian pihak, terutama kalangan pemerintah melihat adanya ‘tukang parkir berdasi’ yang melakukan praktik di lapangan dengan berperan sebagai makelar. Muncul kemudian gagasan untuk melakukan swastanisasi parkir yang menimbulkan heboh di kalangan tukang parkir. Bagi kalangan tukang parkir selayaknya Pemkot (pemerintahan tata kota) juga memaksimalkan beberapa lahan parkir yang selama ini dikelola secara liar. Langkah yang memang baru ditempuh saat ini adalah bagaimana merumuskan kerja Pokja (kelompok kerja) yang akan menjadi lembaga pengawas dan yang akan menampung 60 persen pendapatan dari pengelolaan parkir. Bernas Jogja, 3 Februari 2005 dan Radar Jogja 7 Februari 2005

[3] Tulisan mengenai perkembangan sejarah kekuasaan kolonial ini banyak penulis kutip dari karya Denys Lombard, Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, Gramedia,1996

[4] Lih Robert Cribb, Bangsa: Menciptakan Indonesia dalam Indonesia Beyond Soeharto, Donald K Emmerson (ed), Gramedia, 2001

[5] Kegagalan sistem tanam paksa, selain oleh kekejamanya, juga rontoknya koalisi pendukung berjalannya sistem ini. Seperti korupsi yang meraja lela yang menyebabkan sistem tanam paksa ini mengalami kegagalan. Lih RE Nelson, Dari State ke State: Rezim yang Berubah dari Produksi Ekspor Petani pada Pertengahan Abad ke 19 di Jawa, dalam J Thomas Lindblad, Fondasi Historis Ekonomi Indonesia, Pustaka Pelajar & Pusat Studi Sosial Asia Tenggara UGM, 2002

[6] Contoh kasus adalah pemrosesan tebu menjadi gula untuk ekspor semula hanya berlangsung di beberapa wilayah, tapi setelah penerapan program tanam paksa, maka perkebunan tebu meluas dan bahkan menjadi sebuah industri padat modal. Di Jawa mulai muncul penggilingan-penggilingan gula yang dibangun di daerah Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat apalagi dengan perbaikan jalan membuat transportasi menjadi dipermudah. Lih Yoshifumi Azuma, Abang Beca, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001

[7] Lih Rikardo Simarmata, Kapitalisme Perkebunan dan Konsep Pemilikan Tanah oleh Negara, Insist Press, 2002

[8] Lih Noer Fauzi, Petani & Penguasa, Dinamika Perjalanan Politik Agraria, Insist Press, 1999

[9] Lih Gunawan Wiradi, Reforma Agraria, Insist Press, 2000

[10] Sjahrir, Perencanaan Ekonomi Indonesia: Ide, Perencanaan dan Implementasi, Prisma no 10, 1986

[11] Rizal Malarangeng, Mendobrak Sentralisme Ekonomi, KPG, 2002

[12] Yahya Muhaimin, Politik, Pengusaha dan Kelas Menengah Indonesia, Prisma 3 Maret 1984

[13] Prof Dr Selo Sumardjan, Akibat-akibat sosilogis dari Inflasi Moneter, Seminar KAMI, Sinar Harapan, 1984

[14] Prof. Dr. Ir. Moh Sadli, Masalah-masalah Ekonomi Moneter Kita yang Struktural, Seminar KAMI, Sinar Harapan, 1984

[15] Richard Robinson, Pengembangan Industri dan Ekonomi Politik Pengembangan Modal: Indonesia, YOI, 1998

[16] Jean Aden, Kewirausahaan dan Proteksi dalam Industri Jasa Perminyakan Indonesia, YOI, 1998

[17] Ahmad D. Habir, Konglomerat antara Pasar dan Keluarga, dalam Indonesia Beyond Soeharto, Gramedia, 2001

[18] Forum Keadilan No 40, 9 Februari 2003

[19] Kompas 11 Februari 2005

[20] Tamrin Amal Tomagola, Republik Kapling, Kompas 14-2-2005

[21] M Fajroel Rachman, Bangkitnya Negara Dagang, Koran Tempo 15-2-2005

Islamic Culture II

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Islamic Culture II    ... It was because those laws could not be found out by
individual experiment, and could only partly be detected
in the long run of history by a student and a thinker here
and there, that thy required to be revealed by a Prophet.
Otherwise they are as natural as the physical laws which
govern our existence evidently and which none would
dream of disputing.

ISLAMIC CULTURE I

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Culture means 'cultivation' and, generally nowadays,
when this word is used alone, it means 'the cultivation of
the human mind.' Islamic culture differs from other
cultures in that it can never be the aim and object of the
cultivated individual, since its aim is not the cultivation
of the individual or group of individuals, but of the entire
human race. No amount of works of art or literature, in
any land can be regarded as the justification of Islam so
long as wrong, injustice and intolerance remain. No
victories of war or peace, however brilliant, can be
quoted as the harvest of Islam. Islam has wider objects,
grander views. It aims at nothing less than universal
human brotherhood Still, as a religion, it does encourage
human effort after self, and race, improvement more
than any other religion and since it became the power in
the world, it has produced cultural results which will
bear comparison with the results achieved by all the
other religions, civilizations and philosophies put
together. A Muslim can only be astonished at the
importance, almost amounting to worship, ascribed to
works of art and literature (which one may call the
incidental phenomena of culture) in the West; as if they
were the justification, and their production the highest
aim, of human life. Not that Muslims despise or ever
should despise, literary, artistic and scientific
achievements, but that they regard them in the light of
blessings by the way, either as aids to the end or
refreshment for the wayfarer. They do not idolize the aid
and the refreshment.

About Naqshaband Tariqah in Islam

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Verily all Praise is for Allaah, we praise Him, seek His aid and ask for His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of ourselves and the evil of our actions. Whomsoever Allah guides then there is none who can misguide him, and whomsoever Allaah misguides then there is none who can guide him.About Naqshaband Tariqah I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah alone, having no partners and I bear witness that Muhammad (may Peace Be Upon Him) is His slave and Messenger. May the peace and blessings of Allaah be on the final Prophet Muhammad (may Peace Be Upon Him), his family, his companions and all those who follow in their footsteps until the last day. To proceed:
This little booklet is a modest attempt to analyse and expose the teachings and practices of the Tariqat ul Naqshabandi in the light of the Glorious Qur’aan and Sunnah, and is done purely in fulfilling our obligation to enjoin the right and forbid the evil. Over the years many deviant movements have arisen in the Muslim world bent on corrupting the teachings of Islam and thereby mislead the Muslims. One of the most dangerous of the contemporary movements is the group known as the Naqshabandi Tariqat.

About a Muslim Family Life in Islam

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The social organisation of Islam is founded on the unit of the family. The family has been assigned an important place because Islam is the religion suited to human nature- Din ul-fitra (the natural religion). Human nature is constituted in such a manner that it finds no peace, stability or relaxation except within the family environment. The Most Holy and Glorious Qur'an says:

The Spirit of Worship in Islam 2

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The Spirit of Worship in Islam, What makes a Muslim say their Prayers at places where there is no one to ask them to offer them or even to see them offering them?  Isn’t it so because of their belief that God is ever looking at you?  What makes them leave their important business and other occupations and rush towards the mosque for Prayers?  The Spirit of Worship in Islam, What makes them terminate your sweet sleep in the early hours of the morning, to go to the mosque in the heat of the noon, and to leave their evening entertainments for the sake of Prayers?  Is it anything other than sense of duty—their realization that they must fulfill your responsibility to the Lord, come what may?

The Spirit of Worship in Islam I (Ibadah)

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Ibadah (worship) is an Arabic word derived from abd (a slave) and it means submission.  It portrays that God is your Master and you are His slave, and whatever a slave does in obedience to and for the pleasure of his Master is Ibadah.  The Islamic concept of Ibadah is very wide.  If you free your speech from filth, falsehood, malice, and abuse and speak the truth and talk goodly things and do all these only because God has so ordained to do, they constitute Ibadah, however secular they may look in semblance.  If you obey the law of God in letter and spirit in your commercial and economic affairs and abide by it in your dealings with your parents, relatives, friends, and all those who come in contact with you, verily all these activities of yours are Ibadah. 

Muhammad (The Miracles) Part 1

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Apart from the greatest miracle given to him, the Quran, Prophet Muhammad performed many physical miracles witnessed by his contemporaries numbering in hundreds, and in some cases thousands.[1]  The miracle reports have reached us by a reliable and strong methods of transmission unmatched in world history.  It is as if the miracles were performed in front of our eyes.  The meticulous method of transmission is what convinces us that Muhammad indeed performed these great miracles with divine aid and, thus, we can believe him when he said, ‘I am God’s Messenger.’
Muhammad’s great miracles were witnessed by thousands of believers and skeptics, following which verses of the Quran were revealed mentioning the supernatural events.  The Quran made some miracles eternal by etching them in the conscious of the believers.  The ancient detractors would simply remain silent when these verses were recited.  Had these miracles not taken place, they would have seized the moment to scandalize it and belie Muhammad.  But rather, the opposite took place.  The believers grew more certain of the truth of Muhammad and the Quran.  The fact that the faithful grew stronger in their faith and the silence of the unbelievers and not denying their occurrence is acknowledgment from both that the miracles took place exactly as the Quran describes.

the Islamic Iran’s Theocracy

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By Aram Anahid-June 3rd, 2009

  • Editor’s Note:  Aram Anahid is the penname of a learned Baha’i intellectual in Iran, who has previously contributed to Iran Press Watch and other sites (e.g. Iranian.com).  Iran Press Watch is pleased to publish this fascinating, original and thought-provoking essay by this young intellectual of the Baha’i community of Iran.  (Incidentally, what appears below is not a translation; rather it is original composition of Aram Anahid.)

Message of Thaqalayn : The Significance of Self-control and Self-purification ~ Shadra Institute Palopo

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INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ICAS JAKARTA

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INTERNATIONAL PHILOSOPHICAL SEMINAR AND CONFERENCE
THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF TRANSCENDENT PHILOSOPHY





26-27 March 2011, Sultan Hotel, Jl. Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10002, Indonesia


Philosophical anthropology is the attempt that seeks to unify the several investigations and explorations of humans in an effort to understand human behavior as both creatures of their environment and creators of their own values. Although the majority of philosophers throughout the history of philosophy can be said to have a distinctive "anthropology’’ that undergirds their thought, philosophical anthropology itself, as a specific discipline in philosophy, arose within the later modern period as an outgrowth from developing methods in philosophy, such as phenomenology and existentialism. The former, which draws its energy from methodical reflection of human experience from the philosopher's own personal experience, naturally aided the emergence of philosophical explorations of human nature and the human condition.

Message of Thaqalayn : The Significance of Self-control and Self-purification

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Mohammad Ali Shomali
It is a common idea amongst all religious and spiritual traditions that human beings should have some kind of self-control. Although we enjoy free will, we need to exercise our free will in a responsible way. In the same way that we expect others to respect our dignity and interests, we should respect dignity and interests of others. We should also safeguard our own dignity and long term interests. Thus, we cannot simply go after our whims and desires and do whatever we want. We need to have self-control and self-discipline which leads to self-purification. If we purify our hearts we will no longer need to resist our temptations and control ourselves against lower desires and lusts, since a purified person desires nothing except what is good and moral for himself and others. In what follows, we will study the necessity of self-control and self-purification.

Message of Thaqalayn "Al-Ghadir" and its Relevance to Islamic Unity

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Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari
Translated by Mojgan Jalali
Vol. 3, No. 1 and 2 (1417 AH/1996 CE)

The distinguished book entitled "al-Ghadir" has raised a huge wave in the world of Islam. Islamic thinkers shed light on the book in different perspectives; in literature, history, theology, tradition, tafsir, and sociology. From the social perspective we can deal with the Islamic unity. In this review the Islamic unity has been dealt with from a social point of view.

Message of Thaqalayn: The Prophetic Hadiths in Al-Khisal

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  Mohammad Javad Shomali

Al-Khisal (lit. traits of character) of Shaykh Saduq is one of the most valuable early sources of hadiths (narrations) from Prophet Muhammad and his household. Shaykh Saduq, Muhammad b. Babawayh al-Qummi (d.329/940), was an outstanding jurist and a prominent scholar of hadith. He was given the title ”Imad Al-Din” by Shaykh Tusi.
In Al-Khisal, Shaykh Saduq has prepared a collection of traditions in an interesting way. The main themes of the traditions are ethics, manners and good characteristics. All the traditions are presented with a complete record of transmission. Furthermore, they are divided into different groups according to numbers e.g. all the traditions related to the number one are gathered in one part then traditions related to number two and so on. It starts with one and ends with one million. Al-Khisal seems to be the first on record to be compiled with this style. Moreover, Al-Khisal is a great encyclopedia on Islamic knowledge and many authoritative works on Shi'ite traditions such as Bihar Al-Anwar have cited it as a reference.
The following article is a collection of traditions from the Prophet, selected from Parts One to Twelve of Al-Khisal.

Message of Thaqalayn Tawassul

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Dr. 'Abd al-Karim Bi-Azar Shirazi
Translated by Sayyid 'Ali Shahbaz
Vol. 5, No. 4, Summer 2000/1421
"O you who believe! Fear Allah and seek an approach unto Him..."
(Holy Qur'an 5:35)

Over the last few centuries, the Muslims have been wracked by severe discord and hostility over the issue of tawassul (beseeching or supplicating) to Prophet Muhammad (s), the Ahl al-Bayt ('a), the Saints and the Pious, to the extent that those who reject this concept have accused its supporters of shirk or polytheism, while the upholders of tawassul have charged its opponents with enmity and aversion towards the Prophet (s) and his Infallible Household ('a). The result has led to increasing bigotry on both sides to the benefit of their common enemies who have increased their domination of Muslim lands. This article is an attempt to examine and critically study the issue of tawassul.

Message of Thaqalayn Methods of Religious Thought in Islam

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By "religious thought" we mean that form of thought which is concerned with any of the problems of a religious nature within a particular religion, in the same sense that mathematical thought is the form of thought which deals with mathematical questions and solves mathematical problems. 
Needless to say religious thought, like other forms of thought, must have reliable sources from which the raw material of its thought originates and upon which it depends. Similarly, the process of reasoning necessary for the solution of mathematical problems must have a series of established mathematical facts and principles.

Message of Thaqalayn: The Geography of Qur'anic Accounts: Eight Questions from Six Scholars of the Qur'an

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Translated by I. Rasuli
Vol. 2, Nos. 2 & 3







While reading the holy Qur'an we come across the names of certain nations, places and persons such as Dhul Qarnayn Dam, Ashab-e Kahf Cave, Dhat al-`Imad, etc. The question is that is it possible to locate these places in the present natural geography or they have gone under any changes? Can we take recourse to science and rely upon the scientific method in dealing with these Qur'anic names? 

Message of Thaqalayn : An Outline of Law from a Qur’anic Perspective

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Ayatollah Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi
Summarized and Paraphrased by Karim Aghili




This paper is an attempt to partially delineate the salient features of Islamic law from a Qur'anic perspective. It seeks to clarify that every human society necessitates that there exist a system of rules without which there can be no public order but chaos. It also shows that in Islam, there is no separation of religion from morals, worldly affairs and from politics. Islam is an all-embracing religion consisting of a set of laws and injunctions which are requisite for the establishment of an ideal society. Therefore, all the laws and injunctions which are of a practical character and which should be applied to human society can be subsumed under the general rubric 'law.' The paper continues by discussing the sources of Islamic law and its goals.

Message of Thaqalayn Ahl-al-Bayt Its Meaning and Origin

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Translated by M. Jalali 
Vol. 2, Nos. 2 & 3 
 
The term "ahl" signifies the members of a household of a man, including his fellow tribesmen, kin, relatives, wife (or wives), children, and all those who share a family background, religion, housing, city, and country with him. "Ahl" and "al" are both the same term with the exception that "al" is exclusively used for human beings and should come before the family name, but such a condition is not existent in the case of "ahl". 

The Qur'an and the Nature of Life

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Written by Martyr Murtada Mutahhari   
Here we intend to carry out a Qur'anic study of the problem of life to find out the specific viewpoint of the Qur'an about life. In particular, we intend to study the view that the Qur'an takes of the relation between life and the supranatural world and Divine will.

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